Four Summers Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Four Summers I found the story Four Summers to be a very odd and different piece. I thought it was a very true and realistic story, but the way it was told threw me off a little. The believable part of the story is how it relates to family life. Many children grow up thinking about how different their lives will be when they are adults, but it just doesn't work that way. No matter how hard you may try, you will end up similar to your parents, be it language, activities, or the lifestyle in general. Throughout her childhood, Sissie seemed to despise the bar and did not want anything to do with it. She also had a tough time deciding whether or not she liked her father. When she grew up, she married a man that was quite similar to her own father. Jesse was a big guy, he enjoyed the bar scene, and he drank beer. Those are characteristics of Sissie's father. The family cycle lives on yet another generation and will probably keep going until someone makes an active effort to cease that type of behavior. The stranger Sissie met as a fourteen year-old is the only thing I didn't understand. Why was that such a significant thing for her when she came back to the bar with Jesse? The only conclusion I can make is that the stranger would have been the one to break the cycle with Sissie. That doesn't seem likely though, as he was in the bar in the first place, and he was in it when she returned several years later. I didn't really like reading this story because of the manner in which it was written. It was different, but not easy to decipher at draw conclusions from.

Dancing Skeltons Essay Example

Dancing Skeltons Essay Example Dancing Skeltons Essay Dancing Skeltons Essay Dancing Skeletons In the ethnography, â€Å"Dancing Skeletons, the author Katherine Dettwyler describes many reasons for her research in Mali. The main focus of her research was too attack the problem of malnourished children and to figure out what diseases they were struggling with. This ethnography detailed Dettwyler’s second trip to Mali, and she wanted to relocate many of the children she had previously measured, as well as add more children to her study. Throughout the ethnography, Dettwyler makes it very clear that the malnutrition of these children is a major problem in Mali. She describes many of the children she measures and the picture she paints in one’s mind is horrifying. One of the many diseases she comes across is Kwashiorkor, or funu bana (which means â€Å"swelling sickness†). Dettwyler allows you to feel the pain of this disease by detailing a young girl, â€Å" Her face was round and puffy, almost as though she had been beaten†¦ but the defining characteristic was her enormously swollen abdomen†¦her expression was one of sadness and apathy, her eyes sunken and dull†(Dettwyler 1994:71,72). This description allows the reader to feel for these children and understand the immense hardships that they have to deal with every day. The problem of malnourished children stems from the lack of education within the community. The children all the way up to the adults do not know, or in some cases do not have the resources to drink and eat correctly, or clean themselves. There are a tremendous amount of examples in this ethnography that support this but one of the most troubling is when the teenaged boy tells Dettwyler that his red urine was, â€Å"part of growing up†(Dettwyler 1994:46). She later realized that many cultures believe that the red urine is a sign of being sexually mature and when in reality this was an example of a person with schistosomiasis. This disease is caused by parasites that burrow through the skin ending up in the urinary tract and can be fatal. My reaction to this book was that it was good first hand feedback to the hardships of cultures in Mali. Reading this, many questions arose about different ways Dettwyler went about her research, and how she acted in Mali. First of all Mrs. Dettwyler, why would you ever subject your young daughter, twice, to a place where the malaria and immense amounts of other diseases are widespread and where fully developed healthy adults have died because of it? This is probably the most selfish thing she could have done. She herself explains how many anthropologists have died in areas of Mali from malaria. She provides an example of one American who died, her name was Kay. She died from cerebral malaria, and there were many others in the past just like her who died. Dettwyler experienced this the first time and yet still brought back her daughter, Miranda. I understand that she did this for company but part of being an anthropologist is excepting the fact that at some point you may experience culture shock. This argument was fueled by common sense and also what I learned in class and in the readings. When an anthropologist decides to do fieldwork they are agreeing to deal with many things, one of them being culture shock. Another topic I would have liked to hear about is the healthy children. The entire ethnography is based on the malnourished children. This is the major issue, but is every child in Mali malnourished? If not then what are the healthy children and parents doing differently to keep from succumbing to the ample diseases. The only time Dettwyler really expresses the healthy children is explaining that the ones who were breastfeed are relatively healthier than the others. She says this is the case because, â€Å"mother’s milk provides all the nutrients and calories they need, as well as living cells that grant immunological protection from disease† (Dettwyler 1994:79). This provided good insight into how these children should be nourished and more facts like that would have helped the overall effect of the ethnography. The final thing I wish Dettwyler looked more into was the male/female relationship and how the males felt about the female gender. I do not know if she didn’t address this because she had limited interaction with the males because of her gender, or whether it was simply of no interest to her. If she could have explained further why she didn’t take much account to this it would have added a more well-rounded ethnography. What roles did the fathers play in the child raising? Were they passive like it appeared or was it just not discussed? Dettwyler displayed tremendous anthropological skills as well as some not so good skills. A good thing she did was build a high amount rapport with the Malians. This was important so they would allow her to measure them, and also so they would trust her when she taught them how to properly nourish their children. In the text she almost always displays a calm and intellectual demeanor when she is speaking to parents about their badly diseased or injured child. She has seen so many things that she is not surprised as too what she will see next and it helps her keep her composure. One time she didn’t follow this was when she ran away from the dance because she was so upset about the â€Å"dancing skeletons†. Dettwyler ended up breaking down at a ceremonial dance that they were doing for her. The reason she became so upset was because she saw all the terrible malnourished children dancing, and she said they looked like â€Å"dancing skeletons† Dettwyler who seemingly never seems phased by what she sees, said, â€Å"I fled, in anger and horror†¦hot tears coursed down my cheeks†(Dettwyller 1994:143). This helps reinforce the fact that being an anthropologist is not easy and the things they experience are life changing. One anthropological issue I think she is displaying is ethnocentrism. There are many instances where she does not respect the values of the people and she can be disrespectful towards them. One of the instances is when she refuses to eat the goat they prepared, and Macan replies saying, â€Å"But they killed this goat especially for you† (Dettwyller 1994:82). After Macon says that, she still refuses to eat the meat and is even rude about it. There is also another instance where she refuses to eat the food in the Famabougou village after a day of measuring. She doesn’t care that what she is doing is offending them, because she said the food was filled with bacteria from being out all day, and she didn’t want to eat it. Although I would not want to eat bacteria either, I have learned in class that it is very important to show the utmost respect to the cultural people especially when they go out of their way to provide food.

The Passover-The Exodus Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Passover-The Exodus - Assignment Example The strong connection to the past may be important for other religious systems as well since the majority of they originated long ago and many believers may have lost the touch of the original message. Moreover, the true nature of rituals is an important issue for every religion as it wants people to gain valuable experiences. 2. The rabbi in question states an interesting aspect with regard to human rights, freedom and responsibility. She argues that while the modern Jews in particular and people in general are free, they should also be seen as slaves since no one can be truly free if the positive experience is not shared. I fully agree with her and believe that true freedom does not come with material prosperity, but a development of a unique state of mind that slaves will never possess. 3. There are many powerful symbols on Passover Seder Plate. One of them is egg which is a clear implication of a new life and new possibility. The next one is what is collectively referred to as greens showing that some plants may be dead on the outside, but alive inside and give a new life. The next element is sweets which reflect the stable life while being slaves. Finally, there is a bitter lettuce that people are expected to eat until tears drop from their eyes to understand that freedom also comes with bitterness. The provided statement suggests that such rituals as the Passover try to engage people into activities that they do not usually witness in their ordinary life in order to develop a personal experience of the events which are told. The ritual that I would like to analyze is called the Holy Communion. In the course of it, a person is provided with a peace of bread and some amount of wine that are given by a priest. The bread is thought to be the body of Jesus Christ that is given to the believers to consume. The wine is thought to turn into His blood. So, after this ritual a

Assignment on Brasil food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Assignment on Brasil food - Essay Example The paper specifically studies three things. First it studies Brazil as a country and the impact of its economy with regards to providing a competitive advantage to its home bred companies and industries. Porter’s Diamond Model is used extensively in this section. Secondly, the paper studies globalisation and specifically the rise of emerging markets, their characteristics and ways for multinational corporations to succeed in these high potential markets. The frameworks developed by Khanna  and  Palepu  (2010) are used extensively in this section. The third section analyses the internal and external environments of Brasil Foods using the classical frameworks: PESTEL, SWOT and Porter’s five forces. The paper finds Brasil Foods to be a strong organisation with a sound business model, a strong home economy and sustainable core competencies that should enable it pursue its multinational strategy. The paper concludes by recommending that Brasil Foods begin its multin ational strategy in the Middle East where it has an established base that it could use to advance into North Africa as well. China is also recommended. Table of Contents Executive Summary ii Table of Contents 1 1.Introduction 2 2.Literature review 2 3.Analysis 5 3.1.Internal and external influences on Brazil 5 3.2.Globalisation, emerging markets and Brasil Foods 7 3.3.Internal and external analysis of Brasil Foods 9 4.Conclusion and recommendations 11 References 13 Appendix A: PESTLE analysis 15 Appendix B: Five forces analysis 17 Appendix C: SWOT analysis 19 1. Introduction Brasil Foods seeks to replicate its domestic success internationally. Its international strategy so far has been to simply export commodities and low-value added goods to its foreign customers. However, for the company to realize the vision outlined in its strategic plan titled â€Å"BRF 2015†, the company’s international strategy has to move from being export-based to transnational where the compa ny will need to produce, distribute and brand products within its target emerging markets. There are four broad factors at play that could influence the success or failure of Brasil Foods 2015 vision: the internal and external influences of the company’s host country – Brazil; the effect of globalisation; the strategies, structure, culture and capabilities of the company itself; and how it shall go about managing the complexity and change that shall arise out of its new international strategy. This paper looks at each of these factors and gives a concludes with some recommendations for the senior management of Brasil Foods to take into consideration as they seek to remodel their international strategy from export-based to a multinational strategy. 2. Literature review In looking at the internal and external influences of the company’s host country, Brazil, the immediate question that arises is whether Brazil provides an environment where Brasil Foods will be abl e to create and sustain competitive advantage against the world’s best competitors in the food industry. Porter  (1990) proposed a diamond model that outlined four broad attributes of a nation that shape the environments in which local firms compete and that could either promote or impede the creation of competitive advantages for its local firms. The diamond model tackles a broad range of issues from the strength of Brazil’s domestic market, to level of local competitive rivalry, to the

Explain an Evaluate the Principal Features of Adam Smith's Treatment Essay

Explain an Evaluate the Principal Features of Adam Smith's Treatment of Value and Distribution - Essay Example He agreed with government expenditure on public goods, such as, enforcement of the law, infrastructure and security. He also acknowledged what he thought to be drawbacks in development of economy, whether they were in the form of public spending or taxation except only the taxation of value of the land. He also put into consideration the relation between price and value. His conclusion was that that the cost of production is equivalent to the price of the product. He reasoned that when the quantity supplied to the market is enough to meet demand in the market and no extra, then the selling price may be said to be either near or exactly to the natural price, which is the cost of production1. He took this result as an outcome of market bargaining. Adam Smith argued that in a stable economic system and evaluation; many people would react to the enticement of earning extra specializing in their production. These people without intervention of the government they would be of significant v alue in industry and this will make the economy to be more productive and wealthy2. Adam based his argument on that by protecting specific producers will result to inefficient production and hence there will a rise in price. He asserts that when people are trading they value what they are going to buy in comparison to purchased goods’ value. ... The prices will be used to estimate and compare the value of the commodities. Adam Smith allowed for the difference of speed and skill a person has in doing a certain job. He argued that value based on demand is totally subjective. This is because some individuals will pay more amounts on a certain commodity while others will pay less on the same commodity. Smith’s analysis on value should be is considered under circumstances as one of his main purpose. He would make sure that workers were safe from being exploited by their self-interested employers who their main concern was to maximize profits, and hence paying his employees low wages. Given this situation, Adam said, the quality of output will be uniform to the labour they have used. He tried to uplift society significantly, by putting emphasis on free enterprise. He recommended that in a free market each individual is directed in making decisions by an imperceptible hand. This unseen hand guides people to formulate decisio ns that are of importance to the people and society at large without its knowledge. Every person labours so that he or she may provide revenue to the society. The person might not be intending to promote the interest of the public neither does he or she know by how much he has promoted it. The invisible hand is the one which makes the person to promote some part which was not of his objective. By chasing his personal interest he regularly improves that of the society more effectually and efficiently than when he had the intention to support it. In the theory of Adam Smith of how the economy is interrelated he shows how industries and labours function, and the way each one plays a crucial part in the production of goods in the industry3. The

Human Activities and Global Warming

Human Activities and Global Warming Global Is Warming Caused by Human Activities The major issue that is discussed today is global warming, which is considered a threat to the earth in coming future. Global warming is the raise in the average temperature of the Earths surface, atmosphere and oceans. There are always two sides to every story and when it comes to the discussion of global warming there are two very different points-of-view. The world seems to be divided between global warming caused by humans and it caused due to natural reasons. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated that the noticed temperature increase was caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced due to human activity such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation. The IPCC also concludes that changes in natural phenomena such as solar radiation and volcanoes produced most of the warming and had a small cooling effect afterward. I strongly believe that global warming is a phenomenon caused by human activities, which results in a raise in greenhouse gase s in the atmosphere. The scientific panel studying climate change stated that the proof of a warming is clear and the human activity has been the major reason for the change. Global warming is the result of warming of earth and sea due to the increased concentration of greenhouse gases. The main cause of global warming is the human activities which emit greenhouse gas which is known as the greenhouse effect. When sunlight reaches the earth it is absorbed by the earth and warms it. Some of the heat is radiated back to the atmosphere. The absorption of this radiant heat energy warms the atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is the process by which absorption and discharge of infrared radiation by gases in the atmosphere warm the earths atmosphere and surface. The major greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and ozone (O3), Clouds also affect the radiation balance, but they are composed of liquid water or ice and so are considered separately from water vapor and other gases. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change, in 2001, the human activity had played an important role in global warming. The main reason of warming due to human activities is due to the burning of fossils fuels and rapid industrialization. Since the Industrial era the amount of greenhouse gases has increased in the atmosphere, leading to increased radioactive radiations produced from carbon dioxide, methane. The concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane have increased rapidly. Fossil fuel burning has produced a noticeable increase in carbon dioxide from human activity over the past years. And the other major reason for increase in global warming is due to land-use change, particularly deforestation. However, because of the increasing demand of raw materials for houses and other uses for example wood and paper pulp, industries tend to cut down more trees. Therefore, the enormous change in the rate of temperature is due to the industrial revolution. Some researchers and scientists disagree to the statement that human activities are reason behind the observable fact of global warming, According to William M. Gray, â€Å"natural variations are the cause of periodic global temperature increases and human kind has nothing to do with the temperature changed†. Some researchers believe that main cause of global warming is natural phenomena such as volcanic eruptions, solar cycles and water vapors. But I insist that these natural phenomenas have existed since from the existence of the earth and havent showed any ill-effects from past many decades. These natural phenomenas are affected by human activities which resulted in causing global warming. If human activities had not played contributed the warming would not have been to the extent of harmful results. However considering natural phenomena a cause for global warming will not be true. According to Karl and Trenberth, â€Å"Over the past 50 years, human influences have been the dominant detectable influence on climate change.† (Billy A.).The activities of humans that put in to global warming are the use of fossil fuels for example coal, oil, and natural gas and the clearing of land. Most of the consumption of fossils fuels occurs in industries, in vehicles and in power plants that supply energy for houses and offices. The burning of fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide; carbon dioxide is a delays the discharge of heat into atmosphere. Deforestation results in more concentration of carbon dioxide, as it reduces the rate of removal of gas from the atmosphere. Trees and other plants inhale carbon dioxide from the air during photosynthesis. Land-use changes by humans for example clearing land for logging, and agriculture, which also results in carbon dioxide emissions. The decomposition of dead vegetation is also a reason for global warming because vegetation contains carbon which on decomposition or burning is released as carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide has been rising from the time of James Watt, creator of the auto- steam engine that significantly helped in the industrial revolution. Since then, coal and natural gas have major contribution to industrial revolution. Hydro-power and nuclear power are contributing less to the needs of energy to human in comparison to coal, oil and gas. Today the amount of carbon degraded into the atmosphere shows, on average, to one ton per individual on the earth, each year. In the United States, carbon energy is especially important. The standard American per capita release is 5 tons of carbon per annum. The report from the climate panel predicted that if the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere will continuously rise than the temperature is also expected to rise in the future. (IPCC Report) Major climate changes have been noticeable since many past years. The world has gone through ruinous weather events such as the dreadful tsunami in Indonesia and Hurricane Katrina. All over the world, the existence of some diseases and other fears to human health depend mainly on the local climate. Tremendous changes in temperature can lead to the loss of humans. According to the Union of Concerned scientist â€Å"In 1999, a heat wave killed more than 250 people in Chicago. Though, scientists advise that the global temperature has increased in the past years. There has been increase in surface temperature, 1 ° F, since the 19th century†. Global warming has harsh effect on the earth and had put it on the verge of harmful conditions. One of the major effects seen due to global warming is the extinction of polar bear. â€Å"Due to the warming temperature the arctic ice is melting at an alarming rate, depriving the polar bear of their habitat. Reduced food availability due to global warming has also resulted in extinction of polar bear† (West). As I discussed, the major cause of global warming is the human activities as the activities done by the humans have increased the level and impact of global warming which from past many decades was not a matter of concern as the emission of carbon dioxide was not to the extent of being a threat and whatever amount of gas was emitted was absorbed by forests. But due to deforestation the amount of carbon dioxide discharged from the atmosphere was less resulting in more warming of the atmosphere. Nowadays due to carelessness of human beings the issue of global warming is at it s peak. Because if human beings would have been taken care of their activities the global warming would not have been that existed. However, the sarcasm of the circumstances is that the humans, who are responsible for this sudden rise in global warming, are the ones who will be mainly affected by its devastating effects. â€Å"Many experts predict that the increase in extreme weather events, including floods, storms and heat waves, will result in more deaths, injuries and diseases† (Spence). Rising temperatures and changes in rainfall affect crop production and food, aiding and breeding of animals are upsetting crops. Changes in temperature could be devastating to people in poor countries. Global warmings major cause has been the activities of humans and the effects of which are very much seen as the melting of arctic ice, extinction of polar bear, rise in temperature as these effects were not present earlier when only natural phenomenas were warming the earth to some extent. Humans by their activities raised the level of warming leading to global warming. Therefore, I strongly believe that the major cause behind global warming is human activities and the information provided is witnessing the presence of global warming due to human activities. Though, natural phenomenas do contribute to some extent but they cannot be said to be the reason of high temperature. Emission of greenhouses gases are effecting the climate to a great extent due to which numerous disasters have been faced and if these emissions or greenhouse is not reduced or controlled more harmful results can be seen in the coming future. Global warming is a serious issue and is of great concern as its effects can result in harmful circumstances. Works Cited Historical Overview of Climate Change Science (PDF). IPCC WG1 AR4 Report. IPCC. pp. p97 (PDF page 5 of 36). 21 April 2009. WEB. 8th Oct 2009. Summary for Policymakers (PDF). Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 21 April 2009. Web. 8th Oct 2009. Spence, Christopher. Global Warming: personal solutions for a healthy planet. New York; Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Print. Climatic Research Unit. Jones, Phil. 1999. Web. 8th Oct 2009. Bily, Cynthia A. Global Warming (Opposing Viewpoints). Green haven Press, February 2006 .Print. Union of Concerned Scientists. Global Warming. n.d. Web. 8th Oct 2009. Environmental Issues. Larry West, n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2009

Personal Narrative - Slumber Party :: Personal Narrative Essays

Personal Narrative -Slumber Party Thump-thump, breathe thump-thump, breath. My heart beat as if it was pounding out through my brain; I tried to catch my breath. I heard footsteps coming up behind me like an elephant chasing at my heels. A scream pierced my ears and echoed many times in my mind. My thoughts raced from one thing to another. After locking the door, the four of us clinched in a corner for nearly an hour. My day had begun normal. I remember I woke up, went to school and found myself with my friends that afternoon. My company was five of my closest pals; Becky, Alex, Meredith, Lee, and my boyfriend Cody. We all had hung out many times before and knew each other well. For most of the evening, we sat around telling horror stories and gossiping about classmates. Time passed quickly and soon, it was time to head home. The girls were all planning a slumber party at Becky's. Her parents had gone out of town for the weekend, and she was not willing to stay alone. We began our evening of leisure by getting into our P.J s, and returning to our scary stories. Before realizing it, another hour had passed. All the stories must have gotten to us because before we went upstairs we made sure every light was on in the house. The hair on the back of my neck began to rise as we listened to the cold aching silence. In the distance we listened to three loud car horns and a door slam. We, then, jumped away from the window and started down the stairs. Half way down the stairs, we stopped dead in our tracks. The roof began to rattle as if someone was climbing across it. Our pulses raced as we flew down the remainder of the stairs. Thump-thump, breath. We huddled together in the kitchen. For our safety, we gathered a sharp knife and a phone. We came up with explanations to relieve our minds deciding that the horn was a neighbor and the thump on the roof was the cat. Calming our thoughts down, we relaxed into a group, sitting on the counter. We laughed at the fools we had been, and grew quiet as we heard several car doors slamming, again. Silently staring at one another our eyes grew wide as we hesitated to jump. Alex tried to explain "It's just the neighbors.

Gang Development And Control Essay

Below are descriptions of gang development theories. Copy and paste the correct description into the table below next to the appropriate theory. There are five descriptions and four theories. One description is not valid. Theory Gang members are violent and rarely show remorse or feelings regarding their violent and criminal actions. Members may join a gang because it provides them a release for their personal problems, which may include drug abuse, low self-esteem, and family problems. Gang members typically come from low income areas and may even be considered to have been â€Å"forced† into gang life in order to survive. The gang provides a sense of belonging in a world where members may lack positive role models and the ability to attain status in a way considered acceptable by society. Joining a gang is a way to obtain money and protection. It is often seen as a personal decision to gain success. Members who join for this reason feel pride when they get away with a crime and were most likely committing illegal acts long before joining a gang. Members join a gang to have a safe social circle and to learn techniques to communicate through graffiti. Gang members use those techniques to display their gang’s strength and power in their neighborhood. Members who join a gang for this reason are typically involved in drug use and truancy but rarely violent acts of delinquency. Individuals who join gangs for this reason may have an older family member who is a gang member. They may go through distinct hazing rituals before they can join. The hazing rituals offer assurance that the individual is capable and ready to start his or her new life as a gang member. Description: Anthropological †¢Individuals who join gangs for this reason may have an older family member who is a gang member. They may go through distinct hazing rituals before they can join. The hazing rituals offer assurance that the individual is capable and ready to start his or her new life as a gang member. Sociocultural †¢Gang members typically come from low income areas and may even be considered to have been â€Å"forced† into gang life in order to survive. The gang provides a sense of belonging in a world where members may lack positive role models and the ability to attain status in a way considered acceptable by society. Psychological †¢Gang members are violent and rarely show remorse or feelings regarding their violent and criminal actions. Members may join a gang because it provides them a release for their personal problems, which may include drug abuse, low self-esteem, and family problems. Rational Choice †¢Joining a gang is a way to obtain money and protection. It is often seen as a personal decision to gain success. Members who join for this reason feel pride when they get away with a crime and were most likely committing illegal acts long before joining a gang. Gang Control In the table below, describe the gang control methods in your own words and use the Internet to provide an example of a program based on each type of gang control method. Include the name of the Web site and the working URL address in the table. Gang Control Methods Descriptions Examples Law Enforcement Efforts Law enforcement is looked at for gang control and it takes three forms. Youth service program where they are given responsibility for gang control. Gang details are assigned exclusively to gang control work. Gang units are to deal solely with gang problems. Chicago officers have an intelligence unit that will use the gang members name in the computer to see if they have gotten arrested or picked up for anything. Gang Awareness https://portal.chicagopolice.org/portal/page/portal/ClearPath/Communities/Gang%20Awareness Community Control Efforts They used to have the YMCA where there were people there to work with gangs. Now they have prevention services for kids to prevent them from joining a gang. Like counseling and parent kid activities. They also want to find a way to involve programs into the schools. Gang Free http://www.gangfree.org/who_index.html

Henry Clays American System Economic Plan

Henry Clay's American System Economic Plan The American System was a program for economic development championed in the era following the War of 1812 by Henry Clay, one of the most influential members of Congress in the early 19th century. Clays idea was that the federal government should implement protective tariffs and internal improvements and a national bank should help develop the nations economy. Clays basic argument for the program was that by protecting American manufacturers from foreign competition, ever increasing internal markets would spur American industries to grow.  For example, companies in the Pittsburgh region could sell iron to manufacturers on the East Coast, replacing iron imported from Great Britain. Various other regions of the country sought protection from imports that could undercut them in the marketplace. Agriculture and Manufacturing Clay envisioned a diversified American economy in which agricultural interests and manufacturers would exist side by side. Essentially, he saw beyond the argument of whether the United States would be an industrial or agricultural nation. It could be both, he insisted. When he advocated for his American System, Clay focused on the need to build growing home markets for American goods. He contended that blocking cheap imported goods would ultimately benefit all Americans. Nationalist Appeal His program  had strong nationalist appeal. Developing home markets would protect the United States from uncertain foreign events. Self-reliance could ensure that the nation was protected from shortages of goods caused by distant conflicts. That argument resonated strongly, especially in the period following the War of 1812 and Europes Napoleonic Wars. During those years of conflict, American businesses suffered from disruptions. The ideas put into practice included building the National Road, Americas first major highway; chartering the Second Bank of the United States, a new national bank, in 1816; and passing the first protective tariff the same year. Clays American System was essentially in practice during the Era of Good Feelings, which corresponded with the presidency of James Monroe from 1817 to 1825. Controversy Arises Clay, who had served as a representative and senator from Kentucky, ran for president in 1824 and 1832, advocating extending the American System. But by that time sectional and partisan disputes made aspects of his plans controversial. Clays arguments for high tariffs persisted for decades in various forms but often met with stiff opposition. In the late 1820s tensions over the role the federal government should play in economic development escalated to the point that South Carolina threatened to withdraw from the Union over a tariff in what became known as the Nullification Crisis. Clays American System was perhaps ahead of its time. The general concepts of tariffs and internal improvements became standard government policy in the late 1800s. Clay ran for president in 1844 and remained a potent force in American politics until his death in 1852. He, along with Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun, became known as the Great Triumvirate of the U.S. Senate.

A Short Quiz About Partial Quotations

A Short Quiz About Partial Quotations A Short Quiz About Partial Quotations A Short Quiz About Partial Quotations By Mark Nichol Formatting quotations can be tricky, especially when the words between the quotation marks do not constitute a complete sentence. How would you revise these clumsily formatted partial quotations? For each example, compare your corrections to mine in the paragraphs following each one. 1. â€Å"These days, says Smith, ‘The market does the valuation work for you.’† To clarify the context, the writer has provided the quotation with an introductory phrase the person quoted did not actually utter; therefore, it is not inserted within the quotation marks. And because although â€Å"The market does the valuation work for you† is a full sentence the potential quotation is â€Å"These days, the market does the valuation work for you,† the original quote is treated as a partial quotation and therefore does not begin with an initial-capped word: â€Å"These days, says Smith, ‘the market does the valuation work for you.’† Also, the attribution tag (â€Å"says Smith†) could be relocated to follow the quotation, but the sentence’s rhythm is better as is. 2. â€Å"But he conceded that, ‘with the world like it is, the situation looks a little different now.’† If you do choose to make a partial quote immediately follow a contextual paraphrase, note that unlike as in the case of a simple attribution tag, when the paraphrased part of the sentence and the quotation portion are linked by that, they are not separated by a comma: â€Å"But he conceded that ‘with the world like it is, the situation looks a little different now.’† However, if you convert the initial phrase to an attribution tag, do insert a comma after it: â€Å"But, he conceded, ‘with the world like it is, the situation looks a little different now.’† 3. â€Å"If you own a business ‘dependent on an abundant, reliable water source,’ he said, you probably aren’t thinking about building a plant in Las Vegas.† In journalistic writing, quoted material gives the article a sense of accessibility you feel like you are there listening to the source and of veracity. But some people are more quotable than others, and some reporters are better at recording their source’s utterances better than others. Often, in the rush to capture a speaker’s comments, the reporter manages just a phrase here and there and presents them as partial quotes. Sometimes that works, and sometimes it doesn’t. Here, as is frequently true, the exact words are inconsequential because the statement is mundane; there’s no personality or pithiness in the prose. In that case, it’s usually better just to treat the information as a paraphrase a rewording of the quotation even if it includes words or phrases (or the entire sentence fragment) actually uttered by the source: â€Å"If you own a business dependent on an abundant, reliable water source, he said, you probably aren’t thinking about building a plant in Las Vegas.† 4. â€Å"Smith kept his cool, but he was clearly upset that the plan was meant to ‘discredit the committee’s work and undermine its conclusions before those conclusions are even reached.’† This partial quotation could be converted to a paraphrase, but because the issue is sensitive and the speaker is critical in his choice of words, most reporters would retain the markers indicating that these are the source’s exact words. However, although it is strongly implicit in this sentence that Roberts is the source of the partial quotation, that’s not good enough. Even if a contextual phrase preceding a partial quotation refers to the speaker, insert an attribution tag: â€Å"Smith kept his cool, but he was clearly upset that the plan was meant to, as he put it, ‘discredit the committee’s work and undermine its conclusions before those conclusions are even reached.’† 5. â€Å"He championed an $11 billion water bond ensuring ‘a reliable water supply for future generations, as well as restoring ecologically sensitive areas.’† This quotation is less stable than the previous one because it’s even less clear here that the person identified as the subject uttered the partial quotation. Make the connection clear: â€Å"He championed an $11 billion water bond ensuring, he said, ‘a reliable water supply for future generations, as well as restoring ecologically sensitive areas.’† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Congratulations on or for?How to Punctuate with â€Å"However†20 Criminal Terms You Should Know

Innovation in Sustainable Engineering Design Essay

Innovation in Sustainable Engineering Design - Essay Example The political powers have played key roles in the share of the oil products. In addition, international environmental policies have demanded that there be a reduction in the emission of greenhouse gasses. Hydrogen and hydrogen-powered fuel cells are the better options as a means of achieving alternative sources of power. A fuel cell is concerned with converting chemical energy that is present in a fuel to be emitted as electricity. The process demands the use of oxygen. Hydrogen can be produced separately from varying components available naturally. The chemical processes that take place in a fuel cell demand a continuous supply of fuel and oxygen in order to sustain the production of electricity. The most direct driver for clean energy sources, those are safe, secure and reliable amidst this economic competition is worth investing. The needs that the projected source should meet include the mitigation of changes in the climatic conditions, greatly reduce the amount of toxic levels of pollutants and set forth a clear plan for the ever-dwindling oil reserves. The above results must for some reasons be met without which the effects will be felt in the economy, the health aspects in societies and the environmental consideration. The efficiency in the use of energy, in line with a focus on the supply, and an inclination on the growing proportion of carbon-free sources is highly encouraged. To achieve objectives to power elaborated above, it is essential that hydrogen and electricity be ventured into to determine one of the best approaches to meet customer, economic and environmental needs. Hydrogen is regarded as an energy carrier. Hydrogen has regenerative characteristics becaus e they can be produced from nuclear available sources, and the fossil-based energy system made use in the conversion. Fuel cells achieve use in portable devices like mobile phones, motor vehicles and for heating purposes in power generators considered in

Vial filling and terminal sterilisation for drug in pharmacology FDA Essay

Vial filling and terminal sterilisation for drug in pharmacology FDA - Essay Example The main sterilization processes relate to terminal sterilization and aseptic filing process which incorporates the vial filling and syringe filling. The Closed Vial Filling System (CVFS) is composed of containers that are sterile and closed and are filled through their stoppers, then resealed again immediately to avoid entry of bacteria. The main characteristics of the process relate to a surrounding environment of ISO 8 minimum operation, an enclosure system, sanitization and prevention of material entry. The enclosure system includes a rig was to separate the operation from operators, HEPA-filtered air flow supplied from the ceiling with air exit, locked doors, with alarms, glove ports for area access entry of product to be filled and through aseptic connector. The entry of material is through closed vials that have been pre-sterilized by gamma rays, through rapid transfer ports (RTP) and through VHP airlock using PE wrapped vial. Entry can also be through caps which are sterilized earlier and a fluid path sterilized by gamma rays. Sanitation is through disinfection of all contact places, bags for fluid path and within the vials using an agent with spores. High quality and design are observed in the terminal sterilization